This section explores the building blocks of maths and how quantities relate to each other.

• Number: Working confidently with integers, decimals, fractions, percentages, powers, and roots.

• Proportion: Comparing values using ratios, percentages, scaling, and direct or inverse relationships.

Algebra is the branch of mathematics that uses symbols and letters (like xx, yy, or aa) to represent numbers and relationships. Instead of working only with specific values, algebra lets us describe patterns, general rules, and unknown quantities.

Geometry is the branch of mathematics that studies shapes, sizes, positions, angles, and dimensions of objects and spaces. It helps us understand how things fit together, move, and relate to one another in the physical world.

Probability and statistics are two closely connected branches of mathematics that help us understand uncertainty and data.

Calculus is the branch of mathematics that studies change—how things grow, shrink, move, or accumulate. It gives us powerful tools to understand motion, rates, and patterns that aren’t fixed.